Biomedical Instrumentation

This specialization covers measuring the body electrically and physically: the origin of bioelectric signals and the recording of ECG, EEG and EMG, electrodes and their interface impedance, instrumentation amplifiers, isolation and noise rejection, filtering and artefact removal, and transducers for pressure, flow, temperature and blood gases. Patient electrical safety -- leakage current limits, isolation and earthing -- is central rather than incidental.