Civil Law

This specialization covers private disputes between persons and the remedies for them: the law of contract under the Indian Contract Act 1872 and its specific relief, tort and negligence, property law including transfer, easements and possession, family law across the personal law systems, succession, and trusts. Procedure is inseparable from it -- pleadings, jurisdiction and limitation under the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 -- along with evidence, execution of decrees and arbitration and mediation as alternatives to trial.